मानव विकास सूचकांक को बढ़ाना समय की जरूरत है : उपराष्ट्रपति
Published on August 28, 2009 by INVC · 27 Comments
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ज़ाकिर हुसैन
नई दिल्ली. उपराष्ट्रपति एम. हामिद अंसारी ने कहा है कि समाज के अन्य वर्गों की तुलना में जनजाति आबादी का मानव विकास सूचकांक सबसे नीचे है। इस संबंध में जो आंकड़े हैं वह इस कटु सत्य को बतलाते हैं। भारत में आदिवासी अनुसूचित जनजाति समुदाय: विकास एवं परिवर्तन विषय पर एक अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन को संबोधित करते हुए कहा कि 2001 की जनगणना के अनुसार अनुसूचित जनजातियों में साक्षरता दर 47.1 प्रतिशत था जो राष्ट्रीय साक्षरता दर 64.84 प्रतिशत से काफी कम है। बहुत बड़ी संख्या में आदिवासी बच्चे स्कूल बीच में छोड़ देते हैं तथा जनजातियों में महिला साक्षरता भी बहुत कम है। समाज के अन्य वर्गों की तुलना में उनके बीच शिशु मृत्यु दर तथा कुपोषण बहुत ज्यादा है।
उन्होंने इस बात पर चिन्ता प्रकट की कि अनुसूचित जनजातियां भौगोलिक एवं सामाजिक बहिष्कार और उच्च गरीबी दर से ग्रस्त हैं तथा उपयुक्त प्रशासनिक एवं न्यायिक प्रणाली की उपलब्धता से वंचित हैं। देश के दूसरे हिस्सों की तुलना में आदिवासी क्षेत्रों में अवसंरचना विकास पर अल्प व्यय तथा निम्न अवसंरचना विकास से उनकी प्रगति की संभावनाएं क्षीण हुई हैं। भारत में 8 करोड़ 50 लाख अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए अपनी पहचान बचाए रखने के संघर्ष तथा संवैधानिक व्यवस्था के जरिए सशक्तिकरण के प्रयास का आनुपातिक प्रतिफल नहीं निकला।
उपराष्ट्रपति ने कहा कि वन अधिकार अधिनियम, 2006 आदिवासी लोगों के हाशिये पर जाने की प्रक्रिया की दिशा बदलने के प्रयास में एक महत्वपूर्ण कदम है। यह अधिनियम अनुसूचित जनजातियों की सुरक्षा एवं विकास के संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को कानूनी मजबूती प्रदान करता है, उन्हें अन्य वर्गों के साथ समान स्तर तक आने में मदद करता है तथा जनजातीय अधिकारों को नये रूप में परिभाषित करता है। अधिनियम में भूमि एवं वनसंपदा संबंधी अधिकार पर उत्पन्न असुरक्षा तथा सरकारी विकास कार्यों से विस्थापन की वजह से आदिवासियों के लिए होने वाली मुश्किलों को भी रेखांकित किया गया है। राज्य सरकारों द्वारा इस अधिनियम के प्रावधानों के शीघ्र क्रियान्वयन से हमारे राष्ट्र निर्माताओं के सपनों को काफी हद तक साकार किया जा सकता है तथा आर्थिक विकास एवं सामाजिक प्रगति को सर्वसमावेशी बनाया जा सकता है।
उन्होंने कहा कि हमारी विकास आवश्यकताओं का आदिवासी अधिकारों के साथ तालमेल स्थापित करना तथा उनके मानव विकास सूचकांक को बढाना समय की जरूरत है। बहिष्कार और पृथकाव से आदिवासी क्षेत्रों में उपजे असंतोष और हिंसक प्रदर्शनों, आन्दोलनों पर रोक के लिए भी यह अनिवार्य है।
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